Which of the following assessment types is performed with the penetration testers having zero insight into the target organization's network topology?

The correct answer is the black box assessment type, which is characterized by penetration testers having no prior knowledge or insight into the target organization's internal network structure, architecture, or security measures. In this approach, the testers mimic an external attacker trying to exploit vulnerabilities without any information about the network's design or the specific systems in place.

This method allows for a realistic simulation of attacks from an outsider's perspective, providing valuable insights into how vulnerable the organization's systems are to external threats. The goal is to find and exploit weaknesses as a real-world attacker would, ensuring that the security measures in place are effective against unprivileged adversaries.

In contrast, white box assessments involve testers having full access to the internal workings and topology of the network, allowing them to conduct extensive evaluations of the system. Gray box assessments strike a balance by providing limited knowledge about the network, while static analysis is a process that focuses on examining the code or software, rather than simulating an external attack. Black box assessments are particularly useful in evaluating the defenses against external attacks and identifying potential entry points that could be exploited.