What is the difference between static and dynamic analysis in software security?

Static analysis refers to the examination of code without executing it. This process involves analyzing the source code or binaries to find vulnerabilities, coding standard violations, and other potential issues before the code is run. Static analysis tools can identify a variety of problems, such as syntax errors, undeclared variables, and security flaws that could be exploited once the software is deployed.

Dynamic analysis, on the other hand, requires the application to be executed in a runtime environment to detect issues that only manifest during program execution, such as memory leaks, concurrency problems, and security vulnerabilities related to actual runtime behavior.

This distinction is important in the context of software security, as static analysis can catch issues early in the development cycle, while dynamic analysis can reveal different types of bugs that may only appear under certain conditions during execution.

The other provided choices do not accurately capture the critical elements of the differences between static and dynamic analysis, particularly in the context of software security.