What is a SQL injection attack?

A SQL injection attack is a type of cyber attack that involves inserting or "injecting" malicious SQL code into a query input field of a web application. The purpose of this attack is to manipulate the database in unintended ways, which can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, data modification, or even the destruction of data. By exploiting vulnerabilities in an application's software, attackers can execute arbitrary SQL commands that the database then processes. This might allow them to view data that they are not normally permitted to access, such as user information, or to perform administrative operations on the database.

The other options do not accurately describe SQL injection. For instance, enhancing database performance and improving application security do not relate to the malicious intent inherent in SQL injection. Additionally, data encryption is a method used to secure data, while SQL injection is a technique for exploiting weaknesses in applications. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing the risks associated with web application vulnerabilities and the importance of implementing robust security measures to defend against such attacks.